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Is tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility effective?

Jie Pan, Zhengchao Shi, Dingsai Lin, Ningmin Yang, Fei Meng, Lang Lin, Zhencheng Jin, Qingjie Zhou, Jiansheng Wu, Jianzhong Zhang, Youming Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 43-50 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0706-8

摘要： An effective eradication therapy of ( ) should be used for the first time. In this study, we assessed whether tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility testing is more effective than traditional therapy. We also evaluated the factors that cause treatment failure in high-resistance areas. For this multicenter trial, we recruited 467 -positive patients. The patients were randomly assigned to receive tailored triple therapy (TATT), tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (TABQT), or traditional bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (TRBQT). For the TATT and TABQT groups, antibiotic selection proceeded via susceptibility testing using an agar-dilution test. The patients in the TRBQT group were given amoxicillin, clarithromycin, esomeprazole, and bismuth. Successful eradication was defined as a negative C-urea breath test at least eight weeks after the treatment ended. Susceptibility testing was conducted using an agar-dilution test. The eradication rate was examined via intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. The clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole resistance rates were 26.12%, 28.69%, and 96.79%, respectively. Resistance against amoxicillin and furazolidone was rare. The eradication rates for TATT, TRBQT, and TABQT were 67.32%, 63.69%, and 85.99% in the ITT analysis ( <0.001) and 74.64%, 68.49%, and 91.22% in the PP analysis ( <0.001), respectively. The efficacy of TABQT was affected by clarithromycin resistance, and bismuth exerted a direct influence on TATT failure. TABQT was the most efficacious regimen for use in high-resistance regions, especially among clarithromycin-susceptible patients.

关键词： tailored triple therapy tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy traditional bismuth-containing quadruple therapy antibiotic susceptibility testing eradication rates

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Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits

Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 601-607 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0648-6

摘要：

The incidence of obesity has been rapidly increasing, and this condition has become a major public health threat. A substantial shift in environmental factors and lifestyle, such as unhealthy diet, is among the major driving forces of the global obesity pandemic. Longitudinal studies and randomized intervention trials have shown that genetic susceptibility to obesity may interact with dietary factors in relation to the body mass index and risk of obesity. This review summarized data from recent longitudinal studies and intervention studies on variations and diets and discussed the challenges and future prospects related to this area and public health implications.

关键词： diet genetic susceptibility obesity interaction

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Progress in terahertz nondestructive testing: A review

Shuncong ZHONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 273-281 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0495-9

摘要： Terahertz (THz) waves, whose frequencies range between microwave and infrared, are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A gap exists in THz literature because investigating THz waves is difficult due to the weak characteristics of the waves and the lack of suitable THz sources and detectors. Recently, THz nondestructive testing (NDT) technology has become an interesting topic. This review outlines several typical THz devices and systems and engineering applications of THz NDT techniques in composite materials, thermal barrier coatings, car paint films, marine protective coatings, and pharmaceutical tablet coatings. THz imaging has higher resolution but lower penetration than ultrasound imaging. This review presents the significance and advantages provided by the emerging THz NDT technique.

关键词： terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) nondestructive testing (NDT) composite material thermal barrier coating

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DQB1*060101 may contribute to susceptibility to immunoglobulin A nephropathy in southern Han Chinese

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 507-516 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0475-6

摘要：

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common form of chronic glomerulonephritis with unknown pathogenesis. Accumulating evidences have shown the ethnic-specific association between certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and IgAN susceptibility. This study was designed to explore the relationship between HLA-DQB1 alleles and disease susceptibility and clinical manifestations of patients with IgAN in southern Han Chinese. A PCR sequence-based typing technique was used to detect HLA-DQB1 alleles in 217 IgAN patients and 229 healthy subjects. Clinical data were collected from each patient at the time of renal biopsy. Twenty HLA-DQB1 alleles were detected in IgAN patients and healthy subjects. High frequency of HLA-DQB1*060101 and low frequency of HLA-DQB1*030101 were observed in IgAN patients compared with healthy controls. Further stratification analysis revealed that the frequency of DQB1*060101 was significantly higher in patients with urine protein≥1.0 g/24 h than in patients with urine protein<1.0 g/24 h. In combination with our previous DRB1 results, we also analyzed the association of DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes with IgAN. We found that the frequency of haplotype DRB1*090102-DQB1*060101 was significantly higher [odds ratio (OR) = 4.409, Pc = 0.016], whereas that of HLA-DRB1*070101-DQB1*020101 was significantly lower (OR= 0.194, Pc = 0.016) compared with healthy controls. Our study indicated that HLA-DQB1*060101 alleles may be a potential predictor of high-risk IgAN susceptibility in Chinese Han population.

关键词： DQB1 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) IgA nephropathy haplotype association study

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Genetic Study Identifies CBLN4 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Accident Proneness

Shu-lin Zhang,Hui-qing Jin,Yang Song,Wan-sheng Yu,Liang-dan Sun

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 30-38 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016008

摘要： Frequent traffic accidents constitute a major danger to human beings. The accident-prone driver who has the stable physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristics is one of the most prominent causes of traffic accidents. The internal link between the individual characteristics and the accident proneness has been a difficult point in the accident prevention research. The authors selected accident-prone drivers as cases and safe drivers as controls (case-control group) from 18,360 drivers who were enrolled from three public transportation incorporations of China using area stratified sampling method. The case-control groups were 1:1 matched. The authors performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) by 179 cases and 179 controls using the U.S. Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human Mapping SNP 6.0 Array. The authors observed that the gene frequencies of 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three regions of cases were higher than those in the control ( <10 ). The authors then tested two independent replication sets for strong association 6 SNPs in 349 pairs of case-control drivers using the U.S. ABI 3730 sequencing method. The results indicated that SNP rs6069499 within linked CBLN4 gene are strongly associated with accident proneness ( =6.37×10 ). According to CBLN4 gene mainly involved in adrenal development and the regulation of secretion, the authors performed 12 biochemical parameters of the blood using radioimmunoassay. The levels of dopamine (DA) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormone showed significant differences between accident-prone drivers and safe drivers ( =0.03, =0.01). It is suggested that the accident-prone drivers may have the idiosyncrasy of susceptibility.

关键词： accident proneness genome-wide association study (GWAS) dopamine (DA) ACTH susceptibility gene traffic accident epidemiology accident prevention traffic safety three-dimensional model

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Presence, dissemination and removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes

Qiaowen Tan, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Jiping Chen, Yue Li, Jie Ma

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1120-9

摘要：

Reviewed the change of ARGs and ARB in full-scale urban drinking water systems.

Conventional processes are more promising than BAC process in ARGs removal.

Mechanisms of ARGs enrichment and spread in BAC filter and DWDSs are discussed.

Raise the need of future research on ARGs and ARB change in building plumbing systems.

关键词： Antibiotic resistant bacteria Antibiotic resistance genes Water source Drinking water treatment plant Drinking water distribution system Urban drinking water system

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声学综合无损检测技术

陈积懋

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 64-69

摘要：

论述了检测复合材料和胶接结构不连续（缺陷）的新型多模综合无损检测技术。该技术以声与超声检测技术为基础，包含五种不同检测模式，用以检测复合材料与胶接结构的失粘、脱粘、分层、疏松、夹芯压皱及其他缺陷。它适用于复合材料与构件的制造、维修和使用现场。它的适用对象范围广泛，几乎覆盖了现有常用的复合材料和胶接结构。它的检测可靠性高，重复精度好。文章还讨论了组成多膜声学综合胶接检测仪的五种不同检测模式的原理，并从我们和国内外同行的大量实践经验出发，说明了综合无损检测技术的巨大发展前景。

关键词：声学综合检测综合无损检测复合材料无损检测机械阻抗分析振动分析共振检测

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Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacteria and viruses in decentralized

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1469-4

摘要：

• Distribution of ARGs in decentralized sewage facilities were investigated.

关键词： Decentralized sewage treatment facilities Antibiotic resistance genes Virus Metagenomics Network analysis

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Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8

摘要：

Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.

关键词： obesity genetics genome-wide association studies body mass index fat mass- and obesity-associated gene

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Environmental Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance: From Problems to Solutions

Xin Yu, Virender K. Sharma, Hui Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1137-0

摘要：

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The antibiotic resistome: gene flow in environments, animals and human beings

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 161-168 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0531-x

摘要：

The antibiotic resistance is natural in bacteria and predates the human use of antibiotics. Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been discovered to confer resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The ARGs in natural environments are highly integrated and tightly regulated in specific bacterial metabolic networks. However, the antibiotic selection pressure conferred by the use of antibiotics in both human medicine and agriculture practice leads to a significant increase of antibiotic resistance and a steady accumulation of ARGs in bacteria. In this review, we summarized, with an emphasis on an ecological point of view, the important research progress regarding the collective ARGs (antibiotic resistome) in bacterial communities of natural environments, human and animals, i.e., in the one health settings. We propose that the resistance gene flow in nature is “from the natural environments” and “to the natural environments”; human and animals, as intermediate recipients and disseminators, contribute greatly to such a resistance gene “circulation.”

关键词： antibiotic resistance resistome microbiome gene flow

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Degradation of extracellular genomic, plasmid DNA and specific antibiotic resistance genes by chlorination

Menglu Zhang, Sheng Chen, Xin Yu, Peter Vikesland, Amy Pruden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1124-5

摘要：

Extracellular DNA structure damaged by chlorination was characterized.

Integrity of extracellular ARG genetic information after chlorination was determined.

Typical chlorine doses will likely effectively diminish extracellular DNA and ARGs.

Plasmid DNA/ARGs were less readily broken down than genomic DNA.

The Bioanalyzer methodology effectively documented damage incurred to DNA.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) Extracellular DNA/ARGs Chlorination

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Analysis of antibiotic resistance of

Yangyang Yu, Xiaolin Zhu, Guanlan Wu, Chengzhi Wang, Xing Yuan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1123-6

摘要：

The concentrations of four types of antibiotics in the Yitong River were detected.

The concentration of total coliforms in summer was higher than that in spring.

There was a seasonal difference in antibiotic resistance of E. coli.

The E. coli in the Yitong River was found to have multiple antibiotic resistance.

关键词： Yitong River Coliform bacteria Antibiotic resistance Escherichia coli

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Antibiotic resistome of : molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0777-6

摘要： Resistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the years have combined to select antibiotic-resistant determinants and develop resistome in bacteria. At present, the emergence of drug resistance because of resistome is a significant problem faced by clinicians for the treatment of Salmonella infection. Antibiotic resistome is a dynamic and ever-expanding component in Salmonella. The foundation of resistome in Salmonella is laid long before; therefore, the antibiotic resistome of Salmonella is reviewed, discussed, and summarized. We have searched the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar with related key terms (resistome, Salmonella, antibiotics, drug resistance) and prepared this review. In this review, we summarize the status of resistance against antibiotics in S. typhi, highlight the seminal work in the resistome of S. typhi and the genes involved in the antibiotic resistance, and discuss the various methods to identify S. typhi resistome for the proactive identification of this infection and quick diagnosis of the disease.

关键词： S. typhi antibiotic resistance mechanism resistome identification methods

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Influences and mechanisms of nanofullerene on the horizontal transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance

Qingkun Ji, Caihong Zhang, Dan Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1287-0

摘要： Abstract • Sub-inhibitory levels of nC60 promote conjugative transfer of ARGs. • nC60 can induce ROS generation, oxidative stress and SOS response. • nC60 can increase cell membrane permeability and alter gene expression. • Results provide evidence of nC60 promoting antibiotic resistance dissemination. The spread and development of antibiotic resistance globally have led to severe public health problems. It has been shown that some non-antibiotic substances can also promote the diffusion and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Nanofullerene (nC60) is a type of nanomaterial widely used around the world, and some studies have discovered both the biological toxicity and environmental toxicity of nC60. In this study, cellular and molecular biology techniques were employed to investigate the influences of nC60 at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on the conjugation of ARGs between the E. coli strains. Compared with the control group, nC60 significantly increased the conjugation rates of ARGs by 1.32‒10.82 folds within the concentration range of 7.03‒1800 mg/L. This study further explored the mechanism of this phenomenon, finding that sub-MICs of nC60 could induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), trigger SOS-response and oxidative stress, affect the expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) genes, increase membrane permeability, and thus promote the occurrence of conjugation. This research enriches our understanding of the environmental toxicity of nC60, raises our risk awareness toward nC60, and may promote the more rational employment of nC60 materials.

关键词： Nanofullerene Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations Antibiotic resistance genes Conjugation Molecular biological techniques